Anqing
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Anqing
安庆市 Anking | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: The riverfront, the Anqing railway station, and the Anqing Yangtze River Bridge. | |
.png) Location of Anqing City jurisdiction in Anhui | |
| Coordinates (Anqing municipal government): 30°31′54″N 117°06′55″E / 30.5318°N 117.1153°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Anhui |
| County-level divisions | 11 |
| Municipal seat | Yixiu District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Wei Xiaoming (魏晓明) |
| • Mayor | Chen Bingbing (陈冰冰) |
| Area | |
| 13,486.6 km2 (5,207.2 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 821.1 km2 (317.0 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 821.1 km2 (317.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| 4,165,284 | |
| • Density | 310/km2 (800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 728,501 |
| • Urban density | 890/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 728,501 |
| • Metro density | 890/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 265.7 billion US$ 34.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 63,699 US$ 9,874 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
| Area code | 0556 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-AH-08 |
| License Plate Prefix | 皖H |
| Website | www |
Anqing (simplified Chinese: 安庆; traditional Chinese: 安慶; pinyin: Ānqìng; lit. 'Peaceful Celebration', also Nganking, formerly Hwaining, now the name of Huaining County) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Anhui province, People's Republic of China. Its population was 4,165,284 as of the 2020 census, with 728,501 living in the built-up (or metro) area made up of three urban districts.[4] Anqing is famous as the birthplace of Chen Duxiu, one of the founding fathers of the Chinese Communist Party, who served as the first General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party from 1921 to 1928. Huangmei opera, a renowned Chinese opera style, originated in the city of Anqing. This captivating art form gained immense popularity since the 1950s, largely attributed to the exceptional talents of local actors and actresses from Anqing. Huangmei opera is a significant cultural treasure that defines the rich heritage of the city of Anqing.
History
[edit]A county was founded at the site of Anqing during the Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BCE and named Wan. By the 4th century it was named Huaining, which it retained until the 20th century. Under the Sui Dynasty it was the seat of the Tong'an Commandery and under the Tang and Song Dynasties it was known as Shu Prefecture. The name Anqing was first given to a military prefecture set up there in the late 12th century. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Anqing became the capital of the new province of Anhui, and remained that way until 1937. It retained it's status as the seat of Huaining County until 1949 before it was separated and set up as a city.
Late Qing Period
[edit]Anqing played an important role during the Taiping Rebellion, being captured by rebel forces in 1853 and becoming one of their most important bases until 1861. Taiping Reforms were most present in the vicinity of Anqing. Following its recapture by imperial Chinese commander Zeng Guofan, many flour mills, granaries, and munition factories were established there. From 1861 onward they were under Chinese management, but due to the lack of skilled technicians, the factories were shut down.
Following the Chefoo Convention in 1876 between China and the United Kingdom, Anqing became a port of call for foreign shipping. Following the Mackay Treaty in 1902, it was also opened to foreign trade. However, not much trade occurred due to a lack of communications between Anqing and other regions. When railroads to the interior of Anhui reached the Yangtze River further east, Anqing lost even more importance.
Present Day
[edit]Anqing has remained a medium-sized provincial city, an important commercial centre for the plain north of the Yangtze, and a market for tea produced in the mountains both north and south of the river. While also a local cultural centre, it has remained comparatively stagnant after losing its status as provincial capital. Its modern industrial development includes a petrochemical works that produces fuel oils and synthetic ammonia, an oil refinery, and a new port. Factories manufacturing auto parts, textiles, and building materials have also been established. In addition to its access to easy navigation on the Yangtze, Anqing is connected by railways and expressways to Hefei, Nanchang , and Wuhan. These transportation links have greatly facilitated the city’s economic growth.[5]
Culture
[edit]The people of Anqing have a unique dialect that mixed with the Gan Chinese, Wu Chinese and Lower Yangtze Mandarin. It is therefore quite different from the rest of the province, which is predominantly Huizhou-speaking. Huangmei Opera is performed in the local dialect.[6][7]
The early presence of actors from Anqing in the world of Peking opera (Beijing Opera) has significantly impacted the development of this renowned Chinese theatrical art form. This influence is evident in various aspects, including language accents and cultural nuances within Peking Opera.
Administration
[edit]The prefecture-level city of Anqing administers 10 county-level divisions, including 3 districts, 2 county-level cities and 5 counties.[8]
| Administrative divisions of Anqing | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division code[9] | Division | Area in km2[10] | Population 2020 | Seat | Postal code | Subdivisions | |||||||
| Subdistricts | Towns | Townships [n 1] | |||||||||||
| 340800 | Anqing | 13,486.6 | 4,165,284 | Yixiu District | 246000 | ||||||||
| 340802 | Yingjiang | 206.9 | 278,700 | Yicheng Road Subdistrict | 246000 | 6 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 340803 | Daguan | 203.9 | 214,112 | Dekuan Road Subdistrict | 246000 | 7 | 1 | 4 | |||||
| 340811 | Yixiu | 410.3 | 311,700 | Daqiao Subdistrict | 246000 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |||||
| 340822 | Huaining | 1,276 | 496,683 | Gaohe Town | 246100 | 15 | 5 | ||||||
| 340824 | Qianshan | 1,686.03 | 441,224 | Meicheng Town | 246300 | 11 | 6 | ||||||
| 340825 | Taihu | 2,040 | 430,465 | Jinxi Town | 246400 | 10 | 6 | ||||||
| 340826 | Susong | 2,394 | 612,586 | Fuyu Town | 246500 | 9 | 15 | ||||||
| 340827 | Wangjiang | 1,347.98 | 462,367 | Huayang Town | 246200 | 8 | 2 | ||||||
| 340828 | Yuexi | 2,398 | 323,837 | Tiantang Town | 246600 | 14 | 10 | ||||||
| 340881 | Tongcheng | 1,472 | 593,629 | Wenchang Subdistrict | 231400 | 3 | 12 | ||||||
Geography
[edit]Anqing is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River in southwestern Anhui. It is located on the narrow section of the Yangtze Plain between the Dabie Mountains to the north and the Huang Mountains on the south bank.[11]
Neighbouring prefectures are:
The total area of the prefecture is 13,486.6 square kilometres (5,210 sq mi), with an urban area of 821.1 square kilometres (317 sq mi), which is only 6.1% of the total.
Climate
[edit]Anqing has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with chilly, damp winters and very hot, humid summers. Cold northwesterly winds from Siberia can occasionally cause nightly temperatures to drop below freezing (although snow is uncommon), while summer can see extended periods of 35 °C (95 °F)+ days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 4.3 °C (39.7 °F) in January to 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.20 °C (63.0 °F). Precipitation tends to reach a maximum in tandem with the meiyu (plum rains) while wintertime rainfall is generally light. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 30% in March to 54% in August, the city receives 1,831 hours of bright sunshine annually.[12]
| Climate data for Anqing, elevation 62 m (203 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.8 (92.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.8 (103.6) |
40.9 (105.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
40.9 (105.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
21.3 (70.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
6.9 (44.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
17.3 (63.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.6 (38.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−5 (23) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 63.6 (2.50) |
80.1 (3.15) |
124.4 (4.90) |
150.8 (5.94) |
174.5 (6.87) |
268.6 (10.57) |
251.0 (9.88) |
137.4 (5.41) |
62.8 (2.47) |
61.1 (2.41) |
66.7 (2.63) |
38.2 (1.50) |
1,479.2 (58.23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 129.3 |
| Average snowy days | 4.4 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 9.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 74 | 79 | 77 | 78 | 76 | 73 | 74 | 72 | 75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 97.1 | 100.5 | 123.6 | 150.2 | 162.5 | 140.5 | 203.4 | 197.7 | 162.6 | 155.3 | 130.9 | 122.5 | 1,746.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 30 | 32 | 33 | 39 | 38 | 33 | 48 | 49 | 44 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 39 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[13][14] Pogodaiklimat.ru (extremes)[15]NOAA[16] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1953[17] | 2,712,301 | — |
| 1964 | 2,815,056 | +0.34% |
| 1982 | 4,247,074 | +2.31% |
| 1990 | 4,681,336 | +1.22% |
| 2000 | 4,422,069 | −0.57% |
| 2010 | 4,472,667 | +0.11% |
| 2020[18] | 4,165,284 | −0.71% |
| Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions. | ||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1922[19] | 100,000 | — |
| 1929 | 111,221 | +1.53% |
| 1933 | 121,379 | +2.21% |
| 1953[20] | 105,267 | −0.71% |
| 1964 | 165,366 | +4.19% |
| 1982 | 418,772 | +5.30% |
| 1990[21] | 493,238 | +2.07% |
| 2000 | 443,808 | −1.05% |
| 2010 | 570,538 | +2.54% |
| 2020 | 728,501 | +2.47% |
| Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions. | ||
As of the 2020 Census, the prefecture-level city of Anqing's population is 4,165,284, a decline from 2010 when it had a population of 4,472,667. Overall Anqing's population increased rapidly during the 20th century before peaking in the early 2010s. Since then it has declined. The urban population of Anqing is 728,501.
Vital Statistics
[edit]
Anqing is approximately 50.5% male and 49.5% female, of which there are a higher proportion of male children and female adults. It has an urban population of around 2.3 million and a rural population of 1.9 million, which is 55.5% and 44.5% respectively. The largest age demographic of the people in Anqing is between 50-59 years, which represents a general aging of the population, leaving not many children left. This can be seen in the rest of China as well.
Urban Areas
[edit]| Population by urban areas of towns and cities over 100,000 people | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | City | Urban area | District area | City proper | Census date |
| 1 | Anqing | 728,501 | 738,476 | 780,514 | 2020-11-01 |
| 2 | Tongcheng | 238,712 | 398,423 | 664,455 | 2020-11-01 |
| 3 | Qianshan | 197,770 | 238,099 | 500,292 | 2020-11-01 |
| 4 | Jinxi | 163,377 | 176,506 | 515,283 | 2020-11-01 |
| 5 | Gaohe | 157,786 | 241,120 | 592,750 | 2020-11-01 |
| 6 | Fuyu | 149,569 | 245,326 | 571,025 | 2020-11-01 |
| 7 | Meicheng | 121,457 | see Qianshan | see Qianshan | 2020-11-01 |
| 8 | Huayang | 114,353 | 160,313 | 526,712 | 2020-11-01 |
Transport
[edit]Anqing has two Yangtze River crossings, the Anqing Yangtze River Bridge and the Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge.[22]
Anqing Tianzhushan Airport serves the city.[23]
The Nanjing–Anqing Intercity Railway opened in December 2015, allowing a 90-minute journey time to Nanjing, and 3 hours to Shanghai.[24] Wuhan-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway is also under construction.
One of the bus operators in Anqing, the Anqing Zhongbei Bus Company, is owned by a joint venture between Nanjing Public Utilities Development (formerly Nanjing Zhongbei) and RATP Dev Transdev Asia (RDTA).[25] RDTA itself is a joint venture between Transdev and RATP Dev.
Tourism
[edit]- Mount Tianzhu Scenic Resort, a popular hiking spot that also contains spectacular peaks, rocks, secluded caves, and canyons.
- The Zhenfeng Pagoda, a Buddhist pagoda built in 1570 during the late Ming Dynasty, contains over six hundred Buddha statues.
- The Huangmei Opera halls in Anqing were the first. A form of rural folk song and dance, Huangmei has since spread to other cities in China.
- The Yingjiang Temple, built in 974 under Emperor Taizu, who also founded the Song Dynasty. The Zhenfeng Pagoda is part of the greater Yingjiang Temple complex.
- Zhao Puchu, a religious and public leader who was one of the most renowned Chinese Calligraphers and president of the Buddhist Association of China was born in Taihu County, where a monument in his childhood residence is.
- Deng Shiru, a calligrapher during the Qing Dynasty was born in Huaining County. A monument in his former residence also exists.
Sister cities
[edit]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-03. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
- ^ https://citypopulation.de/en/china/cities/anhui/
- ^ "《安徽统计年鉴2022》电子查阅版". tjj.ah.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2022-10-18. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
- ^ "China: Ānhuī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/place/Anqing
- ^ Yan, Margaret Mian (2006). Introduction to Chinese Dialectology. LINCOM Europa. p. 148. ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
- ^ Kurpaska, Maria (2010). Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects". Walter de Gruyter. p. 70. ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
- ^ "zh:2023年用区划代国家局" [Replacing the National Board with zoning in 2023]. National Bureau of Statistics (in Chinese). 2024-06-17.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20121228164741/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/34.html
- ^ https://citypopulation.de/en/china/anhui/admin/3408__%C4%81nq%C3%ACng/
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/place/Anqing
- ^ "zh:安庆气候背景分析" [Climatological background analysis for Anqing]. China Weather (in Chinese). 2024-06-18.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ "Climate Anqing". Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
- ^ "Anqing Climate Normals 1991-2020". NOAA.
- ^ https://databases.lib.utk.edu/chinacensus/
- ^ https://citypopulation.de/en/china/anhui/admin/3408__%C4%81nq%C3%ACng/
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/2561073?searchText=&searchUri=&ab_segments=&searchKey=&refreqid=fastly-default%3A036afeb3a950dfb38a7bf394ed5fa9f2&initiator=recommender&seq=15
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/211567?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJmZDE3MzdmOS0zMDA2LTQ3NWEtOGQ1YS03NDJkMTczNTRhMmMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiMTAzZDg4OWMtNjA4MS00ZDdlLWFjMjMtZmMwYjFkNGRiNWM3In0&seq=7
- ^ https://citypopulation.de/en/china/cities/anhui/
- ^ "zh:安徽安庆长江大桥今日建成通车" [Anhui Anqing Yangtze River Bridge opens to traffic today]. sina (in Chinese). 2004-12-17. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
- ^ "Anqing (Anhui) City Information". Provinces & Cities. Hong Kong Trade Development Council. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ^ "Nanjing – Anqing PDL opened". Railway Gazette International. 7 December 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ "RDTA website". Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
- ^ "Sister-city delegation from Anqing, China meets in Calabasas". The Acorn - Serving Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Oak Park & Westlake Village. October 9, 2003.
External links
[edit]
- Government website of Anqing (in Chinese)
- City planning website of Anqing (in Chinese)
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
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